Mom or dad has bipolar disorder?
People whose mother or father is affected by bipolar disorder may need to keep their stress levels in check.
A new international study, led by Concordia University and published in Psychological Medicine, is the first to show that cortisol is elevated more readily in these offspring in response to the stressors of normal everyday life.
“Previous research has shown that children of parents with bipolar disorder are four times as likely to develop mood disorders as those from parents without the condition,” says senior author Mark Ellenbogen, Canada Research Chair in Developmental Psychopathology at Concordia University and a member of the Centre for Research in Human Development. “The goal of our study was to determine how this is happening.”
Cortisol, the telltale hormone
Ellenbogen and colleagues had previously shown that cortisol levels in children with a parent affected by bipolar disorder were higher than in kids whose parents were unaffected by the condition. The current study measured cortisol levels in these same individuals, now in late adolescence and early adulthood, as well as chronic and episodic stress. When exposed to either type of stress, those whose parents have bipolar disorder showed a greater increase in cortisol than those of parents without the disorder.
“Our study demonstrates that at-risk children are biologically more sensitive to the experience of stress in their natural and normal environment compared to their peers,” says Ellenbogen. “This higher reactivity to stress might be one explanation of why these offspring end up developing disorders and is a clear risk factor to becoming ill later on.”
“We think we might be beginning to understand where we can intervene to actually prevent this increased sensitivity from developing,” continues Ellenbogen. “We believe this sensitivity develops during childhood and our suspicion is that if you could teach both parents and their offspring how to cope with stress, how to deal with problems before they turn into larger significant stressors and difficulties, this would have a profound impact.”
About cortisol:
Cortisol is a hormone that is produced by the body in response to challenge. Researchers use cortisol to monitor the biological response to stress.
About bipolar disorder:
Bipolar disorder is a treatable illness marked by extreme changes in mood, thought, energy and behaviour. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic depression because a person’s mood can alternate between mania (highs) and depression (lows). These changes in mood, or “mood swings,” can last for hours, days, weeks or months.
Partners in research:
This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the Fonds québécois de la recherche sur la société et la culture.
Related links:
• Cited study
• Concordia Department of Psychology
• Centre for Research in Human Development
Media contact:
Sylvain-Jacques Desjardins
Senior advisor, external communications
Concordia University
Phone: 514-848-2424, ext. 5068
Email: s-j.desjardins@concordia.ca
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